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<section id="module-unicodedata">
<span id="unicodedata-unicode-database"></span><h1><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unicodedata</span></code> — Unicode Database<a class="headerlink" href="#module-unicodedata" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<hr class="docutils" id="index-0" />
<p>This module provides access to the Unicode Character Database (UCD) which
defines character properties for all Unicode characters. The data contained in
this database is compiled from the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.unicode.org/Public/17.0.0/ucd">UCD version 17.0.0</a>.</p>
<p>The module uses the same names and symbols as defined by Unicode
Standard Annex #44, <a class="reference external" href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/">“Unicode Character Database”</a>.</p>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="../howto/unicode.html#unicode-howto"><span class="std std-ref">Unicode HOWTO</span></a> for more information about Unicode and how to use
this module.</p>
</div>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td colspan="2"><p><strong>Lookup</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#unicodedata.lookup" title="unicodedata.lookup"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lookup(name)</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>Look up character by name</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#unicodedata.name" title="unicodedata.name"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">name(chr)</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>Return the name assigned to a character</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td colspan="2"><p><strong>Numeric values</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="decimal.html#module-decimal" title="decimal: Implementation of the General Decimal Arithmetic Specification."><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">decimal(chr)</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>Decimal value of a character</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#unicodedata.digit" title="unicodedata.digit"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">digit(chr)</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>Digit value of a character</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#unicodedata.numeric" title="unicodedata.numeric"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numeric(chr)</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>Numeric value of a character</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td colspan="2"><p><strong>Properties</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#unicodedata.bidirectional" title="unicodedata.bidirectional"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bidirectional(chr)</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>Bidirectional class of a character</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#unicodedata.block" title="unicodedata.block"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">block(chr)</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>Unicode block of a character</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#unicodedata.category" title="unicodedata.category"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">category(chr)</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>General category of a character</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#unicodedata.combining" title="unicodedata.combining"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">combining(chr)</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>Canonical combining class of a character</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#unicodedata.decomposition" title="unicodedata.decomposition"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">decomposition(chr)</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>Character decomposition mapping</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#unicodedata.east_asian_width" title="unicodedata.east_asian_width"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">east_asian_width(chr)</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>East Asian width of a character</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#unicodedata.extended_pictographic" title="unicodedata.extended_pictographic"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extended_pictographic(chr)</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>Check if a character has the Extended_Pictographic property</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#unicodedata.grapheme_cluster_break" title="unicodedata.grapheme_cluster_break"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">grapheme_cluster_break(chr)</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>Grapheme_Cluster_Break property of a character</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#unicodedata.indic_conjunct_break" title="unicodedata.indic_conjunct_break"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">indic_conjunct_break(chr)</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>Indic_Conjunct_Break property of a character</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#unicodedata.isxidcontinue" title="unicodedata.isxidcontinue"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isxidcontinue(chr)</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>Check if a character is a valid identifier continuation</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#unicodedata.isxidstart" title="unicodedata.isxidstart"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isxidstart(chr)</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>Check if a character is a valid identifier start</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#unicodedata.mirrored" title="unicodedata.mirrored"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mirrored(chr)</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>Mirrored property of a character</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td colspan="2"><p><strong>Normalization</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#unicodedata.normalize" title="unicodedata.normalize"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">normalize(form,</span> <span class="pre">unistr)</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>Return the normalized form of a string</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#unicodedata.is_normalized" title="unicodedata.is_normalized"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">is_normalized(form,</span> <span class="pre">unistr)</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>Check if a Unicode string is normalized</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td colspan="2"><p><strong>Text segmentation</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#unicodedata.iter_graphemes" title="unicodedata.iter_graphemes"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">iter_graphemes(unistr)</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>Iterate over grapheme clusters in a string</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.lookup">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">lookup</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.lookup" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Look up character by name. If a character with the given name is found, return
the corresponding character. If not found, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a> is raised.
For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lookup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'LEFT CURLY BRACKET'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">'{'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The characters returned by this function are the same as those produced by
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\N</span></code> escape sequence in string literals. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lookup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'MIDDLE DOT'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\N{MIDDLE DOT}</span><span class="s1">'</span>
<span class="go">True</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.3: </span>Support for name aliases <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id4" id="id1" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a> and named sequences <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id5" id="id2" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>2<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a> has been added.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.name">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">default</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.name" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns the name assigned to the character <em>chr</em> as a string. If no
name is defined, <em>default</em> is returned, or, if not given, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is
raised. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'½'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">'VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\uFFFF</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'fallback'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">'fallback'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.decimal">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">decimal</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">default</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.decimal" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns the decimal value assigned to the character <em>chr</em> as integer.
If no such value is defined, <em>default</em> is returned, or, if not given,
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is raised. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">decimal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\N{ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE}</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">9</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">decimal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\N{SUPERSCRIPT NINE}</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">-1</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.digit">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">digit</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">default</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.digit" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns the digit value assigned to the character <em>chr</em> as integer.
If no such value is defined, <em>default</em> is returned, or, if not given,
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is raised:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\N{SUPERSCRIPT NINE}</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">9</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.numeric">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">numeric</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">default</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.numeric" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns the numeric value assigned to the character <em>chr</em> as float.
If no such value is defined, <em>default</em> is returned, or, if not given,
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is raised:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">numeric</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'½'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">0.5</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.category">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">category</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.category" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns the general category assigned to the character <em>chr</em> as
string. General category names consist of two letters.
See the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/#General_Category_Values">General Category Values section of the Unicode Character
Database documentation</a>
for a list of category codes. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">category</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'A'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 'L'etter, 'u'ppercase</span>
<span class="go">'Lu'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.bidirectional">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">bidirectional</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.bidirectional" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns the bidirectional class assigned to the character <em>chr</em> as
string. If no such value is defined, an empty string is returned.
See the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/#Bidi_Class_Values">Bidirectional Class Values section of the Unicode Character
Database</a>
documentation for a list of bidirectional codes. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bidirectional</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\N{ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN}</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 'A'rabic, 'N'umber</span>
<span class="go">'AN'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.combining">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">combining</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.combining" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns the canonical combining class assigned to the character <em>chr</em>
as integer. Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> if no combining class is defined.
See the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/#Canonical_Combining_Class_Values">Canonical Combining Class Values section of the Unicode Character
Database</a>
for more information.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.east_asian_width">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">east_asian_width</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.east_asian_width" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns the east asian width assigned to the character <em>chr</em> as
string. For a list of widths and or more information, see the
<a class="reference external" href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr11/">Unicode Standard Annex #11</a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.block">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">block</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.block" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/core-spec/chapter-3/#G64189">block</a>
assigned to the character <em>chr</em>. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'S'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">'Basic Latin'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.15.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.mirrored">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mirrored</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.mirrored" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns the mirrored property assigned to the character <em>chr</em> as
integer. Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> if the character has been identified as a “mirrored”
character in bidirectional text, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> otherwise. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mirrored</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'>'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">1</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.isxidstart">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">isxidstart</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.isxidstart" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if <em>chr</em> is a valid identifier start per the
<a class="reference external" href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr31/">Unicode Standard Annex #31</a>,
that is, it has the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XID_Start</span></code> property. Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> otherwise.
For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isxidstart</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'S'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">True</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isxidstart</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'0'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">False</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.15.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.isxidcontinue">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">isxidcontinue</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.isxidcontinue" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if <em>chr</em> is a valid identifier character per the
<a class="reference external" href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr31/">Unicode Standard Annex #31</a>,
that is, it has the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XID_Continue</span></code> property. Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> otherwise.
For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isxidcontinue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'S'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">True</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isxidcontinue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' '</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">False</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.15.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.decomposition">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">decomposition</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.decomposition" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns the character decomposition mapping assigned to the character
<em>chr</em> as string. An empty string is returned in case no such mapping is
defined. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">decomposition</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Ã'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">'0041 0303'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.grapheme_cluster_break">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">grapheme_cluster_break</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.grapheme_cluster_break" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns the Grapheme_Cluster_Break property assigned to the character.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.15.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.indic_conjunct_break">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">indic_conjunct_break</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.indic_conjunct_break" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns the Indic_Conjunct_Break property assigned to the character.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.15.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.extended_pictographic">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">extended_pictographic</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.extended_pictographic" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if the character has the Extended_Pictographic property,
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> otherwise.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.15.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.normalize">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">normalize</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">form</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">unistr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.normalize" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the normal form <em>form</em> for the Unicode string <em>unistr</em>. Valid values for
<em>form</em> are ‘NFC’, ‘NFKC’, ‘NFD’, and ‘NFKD’.</p>
<p>The Unicode standard defines various normalization forms of a Unicode string,
based on the definition of canonical equivalence and compatibility equivalence.
In Unicode, several characters can be expressed in various way. For example, the
character U+00C7 (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA) can also be expressed as
the sequence U+0043 (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C) U+0327 (COMBINING CEDILLA).</p>
<p>For each character, there are two normal forms: normal form C and normal form D.
Normal form D (NFD) is also known as canonical decomposition, and translates
each character into its decomposed form. Normal form C (NFC) first applies a
canonical decomposition, then composes pre-combined characters again.</p>
<p>In addition to these two forms, there are two additional normal forms based on
compatibility equivalence. In Unicode, certain characters are supported which
normally would be unified with other characters. For example, U+2160 (ROMAN
NUMERAL ONE) is really the same thing as U+0049 (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I).
However, it is supported in Unicode for compatibility with existing character
sets (for example, gb2312).</p>
<p>The normal form KD (NFKD) will apply the compatibility decomposition, that is,
replace all compatibility characters with their equivalents. The normal form KC
(NFKC) first applies the compatibility decomposition, followed by the canonical
composition.</p>
<p>Even if two unicode strings are normalized and look the same to
a human reader, if one has combining characters and the other
doesn’t, they may not compare equal.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.is_normalized">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_normalized</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">form</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">unistr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.is_normalized" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return whether the Unicode string <em>unistr</em> is in the normal form <em>form</em>. Valid
values for <em>form</em> are ‘NFC’, ‘NFKC’, ‘NFD’, and ‘NFKD’.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.8.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.iter_graphemes">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">iter_graphemes</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">unistr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">start</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">end</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">sys.maxsize</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.iter_graphemes" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns an iterator to iterate over grapheme clusters.
With optional <em>start</em>, iteration begins at that position.
With optional <em>end</em>, iteration stops at that position.</p>
<p>Converting an emitted item to string returns a substring corresponding to
the grapheme cluster.
Its <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">end</span></code> attributes denote the start and end of
the grapheme cluster.</p>
<p>It uses extended grapheme cluster rules defined by Unicode
Standard Annex #29, <a class="reference external" href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/">“Unicode Text Segmentation”</a>.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.15.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<p>In addition, the module exposes the following constants:</p>
<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.unidata_version">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">unidata_version</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.unidata_version" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The version of the Unicode database used in this module.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.ucd_3_2_0">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ucd_3_2_0</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.ucd_3_2_0" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This is an object that has most of the methods of the entire module, but uses the
Unicode database version 3.2 instead, for applications that require this
specific version of the Unicode database (such as IDNA).</p>
</dd></dl>
<p class="rubric">Footnotes</p>
<aside class="footnote-list brackets">
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id4" role="doc-footnote">
<span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span><a role="doc-backlink" href="#id1">1</a><span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>
<p><a class="reference external" href="https://www.unicode.org/Public/17.0.0/ucd/NameAliases.txt">https://www.unicode.org/Public/17.0.0/ucd/NameAliases.txt</a></p>
</aside>
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id5" role="doc-footnote">
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