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<a name="formatting"></a>
<a name="bm_id3153150"></a><meta itemprop="keywords" content="formatting,in LibreOffice Math">
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<h1 id="hd_id3153150" dir="auto">Format</h1>
<p id="par_id3147262" class="paragraph" dir="auto">You can choose among various options for formatting a LibreOffice Math formula. The format options are displayed in the lower part of the Elements pane. These options are also listed in the <a target="_top" href="en-US/text/shared/00/00000001.html#contextmenu">context menu</a> of the <span class="emph">Commands</span> window.</p>
<a name="howtoget"></a><div class="howtoget">
<div><p class="howtogetheader" dir="auto"><a name="wie"></a>To access this command...</p></div>
<div class="howtogetbody">
<div class="embedded">
<a name="formatting"></a>
<p id="par_id3154114" class="paragraph" dir="auto">Open the context menu in the Commands window - choose <span class="emph">Formats</span>
</p>
<p id="par_id3150581" class="paragraph" dir="auto">Choose <span class="emph">View - Elements</span>; then on the Elements pane select <span class="emph">Formats</span> from the listbox.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<p id="par_id3154263" class="paragraph" dir="auto">The following is a complete list of all available formatting options in LibreOffice Math. The icon next to the formatting option indicates that it can be accessed through the Elements pane (menu <span class="emph">View - Elements</span>) or through the context menu of the <span class="emph">Commands</span> window.</p>
<div class="note">
<div class="noteicon" dir="auto"><img src="media/icon-themes/res/helpimg/note.svg" alt="Note Icon
" style="width:40px;height:40px;"></div>
<div class="notetext"><p dir="auto">The letter "a" refers to the placeholder in your formula which you would like to assign to the respective formatting. You can substitute this character for any other you like.</p></div>
</div>
<br>
<h3 id="hd_id3151104" dir="auto">Formatting options</h3>
<div class="icontable">
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_idN1008B" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto">
<img src="media/helpimg/starmath/co21916.svg" class="genericimage" alt="Superscript left Icon" style="width:38px;height:38px" itemprop="image" itemscope="true" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"></p>
<a name="bm_id3154473"></a>
</div>
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_id3147519" class="tableheadintable" dir="auto">Superscript left</p>
<p id="par_id3147531" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto"><span class="avis">Inserts a superscript to the left of a placeholder.</span> You can also type <span class="emph"><?>lsup{<?>}</span> in the <span class="emph">Commands</span> window.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="icontable">
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_idN100C4" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto">
<img src="media/helpimg/starmath/co21918.svg" class="genericimage" alt="Superscript top Icon" style="width:38px;height:38px" itemprop="image" itemscope="true" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"></p>
<a name="bm_id3146921"></a>
</div>
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_id3146931" class="tableheadintable" dir="auto">Superscript top</p>
<p id="par_id3159195" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto"><span class="avis">Inserts a superscript directly above a placeholder.</span> You can also type <span class="emph"><?>csup<?></span> directly in the <span class="emph">Commands</span> window.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="icontable">
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_idN100FF" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto">
<img src="media/helpimg/starmath/co21908.svg" class="genericimage" alt="Superscript right Icon" style="width:38px;height:38px" itemprop="image" itemscope="true" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"></p>
<a name="bm_id3149821"></a>
</div>
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_id3151249" class="tableheadintable" dir="auto">Superscript right</p>
<p id="par_id3151262" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto"><span class="avis">Inserts a superscript to the right of a placeholder.</span> You can also type <span class="emph"><?>^{<?>}</span> directly in the <span class="emph">Commands</span> window, or you can use <span class="emph">rsup</span> or <span class="emph">sup</span>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="icontable">
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_idN1013E" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto">
<img src="media/helpimg/starmath/co21905.svg" class="genericimage" alt="Vertical stack (2 elements) Icon" style="width:38px;height:38px" itemprop="image" itemscope="true" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"></p>
<a name="bm_id3147575"></a>
</div>
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_id3152774" class="tableheadintable" dir="auto">Vertical stack (2 elements)</p>
<p id="par_id3147326" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto"><span class="avis">Inserts a vertical stack (binomial) with two placeholders.</span> You can also type <span class="emph">binom<?><?></span> directly in the <span class="emph">Commands</span> window.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="icontable">
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_idN10179" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto">
<img src="media/helpimg/starmath/co21901.svg" class="genericimage" alt="New line Icon" style="width:38px;height:38px" itemprop="image" itemscope="true" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"></p>
<a name="bm_id3151033"></a>
</div>
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_id3150575" class="tableheadintable" dir="auto">New line</p>
<p id="par_id3150587" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto"><span class="avis">Inserts a new line in your document.</span> You can also type <span class="emph">newline</span> directly in the <span class="emph">Commands</span> window.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="icontable">
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_idN101B2" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto">
<img src="media/helpimg/starmath/co21912.svg" class="genericimage" alt="Subscript left Icon" style="width:38px;height:38px" itemprop="image" itemscope="true" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"></p>
<a name="bm_id3148751"></a>
</div>
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_id3148760" class="tableheadintable" dir="auto">Subscript left</p>
<p id="par_id3147309" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto"><span class="avis">Inserts a subscript to the left of a placeholder.</span> You can also type <span class="emph"><?>lsub{<?>}</span> in the <span class="emph">Commands</span> window.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="icontable">
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_idN101EB" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto">
<img src="media/helpimg/starmath/co21917.svg" class="genericimage" alt="Subscript bottom Icon" style="width:38px;height:38px" itemprop="image" itemscope="true" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"></p>
<a name="bm_id3150119"></a>
</div>
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_id3150687" class="tableheadintable" dir="auto">Subscript bottom</p>
<p id="par_id3150699" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto"><span class="avis">Inserts a subscript directly under a placeholder.</span> You can also type <span class="emph"><?>csub<?></span> directly in the <span class="emph">Commands</span> window.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="icontable">
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_idN10226" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto">
<img src="media/helpimg/starmath/co21904.svg" class="genericimage" alt="Subscript right Icon" style="width:38px;height:38px" itemprop="image" itemscope="true" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"></p>
<a name="bm_id3145126"></a>
</div>
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_id3145136" class="tableheadintable" dir="auto">Subscript right</p>
<p id="par_id3146913" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto"><span class="avis">Inserts a subscript to the right of a placeholder.</span> You can also type <span class="emph"><?>_{<?>}</span> in the <span class="emph">Commands</span> window, and the subscript dash can be replaced by <span class="emph">rsub</span> or <span class="emph">sub</span>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="icontable">
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_idN10265" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto">
<img src="media/helpimg/starmath/co21906.svg" class="genericimage" alt="Vertical stack (3 elements) Icon" style="width:38px;height:38px" itemprop="image" itemscope="true" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"></p>
<a name="bm_id3147107"></a>
</div>
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_id3147116" class="tableheadintable" dir="auto">Vertical stack (3 elements)</p>
<p id="par_id3146332" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto"><span class="avis">Inserts a vertical stack with three placeholders.</span> You can also type <span class="emph">stack {<?>#<?>#<?>}</span> in the <span class="emph">Commands</span> window.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="icontable">
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_idN102A0" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto">
<img src="media/helpimg/starmath/co21902.svg" class="genericimage" alt="Small gap Icon" style="width:38px;height:38px" itemprop="image" itemscope="true" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"></p>
<a name="bm_id3155563"></a>
</div>
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_id3155572" class="tableheadintable" dir="auto">Small gap</p>
<p id="par_id3147056" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto"><span class="avis">Inserts a small gap between a placeholder and the next element.</span> You can also type <span class="emph">`</span> directly in the Commands window. The command must appear to the left or right of a symbol, variable, number or complete command.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="icontable">
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_idN102DC" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto">
<img src="media/helpimg/starmath/co21909.svg" class="genericimage" alt="Align left Icon" style="width:38px;height:38px" itemprop="image" itemscope="true" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"></p>
<a name="bm_id3153801"></a>
</div>
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_id3154580" class="tableheadintable" dir="auto">Align left</p>
<p id="par_id3154592" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto"><span class="avis">This icon assigns left-alignment to "a" and inserts a placeholder.</span> You can type <span class="emph">alignl<?></span> directly in the <span class="emph">Commands</span> window.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="icontable">
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_idN10317" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto">
<img src="media/helpimg/starmath/co21910.svg" class="genericimage" alt="Align to horizontal center Icon" style="width:38px;height:38px" itemprop="image" itemscope="true" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"></p>
<a name="bm_id3154714"></a>
</div>
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_id3154723" class="tableheadintable" dir="auto">Align to horizontal center</p>
<p id="par_id3149319" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto"><span class="avis">Assigns horizontal central alignment to "a" and inserts a placeholder.</span> You can also type <span class="emph">alignc<?></span> directly in the <span class="emph">Commands</span> window.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="icontable">
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_idN10352" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto">
<img src="media/helpimg/starmath/co21911.svg" class="genericimage" alt="Align right Icon" style="width:38px;height:38px" itemprop="image" itemscope="true" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"></p>
<a name="bm_id3151209"></a>
</div>
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_id3149768" class="tableheadintable" dir="auto">Align right</p>
<p id="par_id3149780" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto"><span class="avis">Inserts the command for right alignment and a placeholder.</span> You can also type <span class="emph">alignr<?></span> in the <span class="emph">Commands</span> window.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="icontable">
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_idN1038D" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto">
<img src="media/helpimg/starmath/co21907.svg" class="genericimage" alt="Matrix stack Icon" style="width:38px;height:38px" itemprop="image" itemscope="true" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"></p>
<a name="bm_id3154328"></a>
</div>
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_id3154338" class="tableheadintable" dir="auto">Matrix stack</p>
<p id="par_id3146941" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto"><span class="avis">This icon inserts a matrix with four placeholders.</span> You can also type <span class="emph">matrix{<?>#<?>##<?>#<?>}</span> directly in the <span class="emph">Commands</span> window. The position of an element inside this diagram is indicated by two coordinates; the first specifies the line number and the second the column number. You can expand this matrix in any direction in the <span class="emph">Commands</span> window by adding characters.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="icontable">
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_idN103C9" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto">
<img src="media/helpimg/starmath/co21903.svg" class="genericimage" alt="Gap Icon" style="width:38px;height:38px" itemprop="image" itemscope="true" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"></p>
<a name="bm_id3155108"></a>
</div>
<div class="iconcell">
<p id="par_id3149358" class="tableheadintable" dir="auto">Gap</p>
<p id="par_id3149370" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto"><span class="avis">This icon inserts a gap or space between placeholders.</span> You can also type <span class="emph">~</span> directly in the <span class="emph">Commands</span> window. The command must appear to the left or right of a symbol, variable, number or complete command.</p>
</div>
</div>
<p id="par_id3155394" class="paragraph" dir="auto">For alignment, the <span class="emph">alignl, alignc</span> and <span class="emph">alignr</span> commands are especially effective, if you are </p>
<ul itemprop="Unordered" itemscope="true" itemtype="http://schema.org/ItemList" dir="auto">
<li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="true" itemtype="http://schema.org/ItemListUnordered" dir="auto">
<p id="par_id3151009" class="paragraph" dir="auto">aligning numerators and denominators, for example <span class="emph">{alignl a}over{b+c}</span>
</p>
</li>
<li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="true" itemtype="http://schema.org/ItemListUnordered" dir="auto">
<p id="par_id3148812" class="paragraph" dir="auto">constructing binomials or stacks, for example <span class="emph">binom{2*n}{alignr k}</span>
</p>
</li>
<li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="true" itemtype="http://schema.org/ItemListUnordered" dir="auto">
<p id="par_id3154360" class="paragraph" dir="auto">aligning the elements in a matrix, for example <span class="emph">matrix{alignr a#b+2##c+1/3#alignl d}</span> and</p>
</li>
<li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="true" itemtype="http://schema.org/ItemListUnordered" dir="auto">
<p id="par_id3155946" class="paragraph" dir="auto">beginning a new line, for example <span class="emph">a+b-c newline alignr x/y</span>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p id="par_id3154621" class="paragraph" dir="auto">When using the align instructions, note that</p>
<ul itemprop="Unordered" itemscope="true" itemtype="http://schema.org/ItemList" dir="auto">
<li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="true" itemtype="http://schema.org/ItemListUnordered" dir="auto">
<p id="par_id3147382" class="paragraph" dir="auto">they can only placed at the beginning of expressions and can only occur once. Therefore you can type <span class="emph">a+b alignr c</span>, but not <span class="emph">a+alignr b</span>
</p>
</li>
<li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="true" itemtype="http://schema.org/ItemListUnordered" dir="auto">
<p id="par_id3154004" class="paragraph" dir="auto">they affect each other, which means that typing <span class="emph">{alignl{alignr a}}over{b+c}</span> aligns <span class="emph">a</span> on the right.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="hd_id8036133" dir="auto">To align using the "matrix" command</h3>
<p id="par_id5398419" class="smathcode" dir="auto"><span class="input" data-tooltip="Click on text to copy to clipboard">matrix{</span></p>
<p id="par_id1456343" class="smathcode" dir="auto"><span class="input" data-tooltip="Click on text to copy to clipboard">alignr sin^2 x + cos^2 x#{}={}#alignl 1 ##</span></p>
<p id="par_id4572588" class="smathcode" dir="auto"><span class="input" data-tooltip="Click on text to copy to clipboard">alignr cos^2 x #{}={} #alignl 1 - sin^2 x</span></p>
<p id="par_id2879726" class="smathcode" dir="auto"><span class="input" data-tooltip="Click on text to copy to clipboard">}</span></p>
<h3 id="par_idN10F70" dir="auto">Aligning to the left</h3>
<p id="par_id3149645" class="paragraph" dir="auto">If a line or an expression begins with text, it is aligned on the left by default. You can change this with any of the <span class="emph">align</span> commands. An example is <span class="emph">stack{a+b-c*d#alignr "text"}</span>, where "text" appears aligned to the right. Note that text must always be surrounded by quotation marks.</p>
<p id="par_id3149966" class="paragraph" dir="auto">The standard centralized formulas can be aligned to the left without using the <span class="emph">Format - Align</span> menu. To do this, place an empty character string, that is, the inverted commas which surround any text "", before the section of formula that you want to align. For example, typing <span class="emph">"" a+b newline "" c+d</span> results in both equations being left-aligned instead of centered.</p>
<div class="warning">
<div class="noteicon" dir="auto"><img src="media/icon-themes/res/helpimg/warning.svg" alt="Warning Icon
" style="width:40px;height:40px;"></div>
<div class="notetext"><p dir="auto">When typing information in the Commands window, note that some formats require spaces for the correct structure. This is especially true when entering values (for example, a lsup{3}) instead of placeholders.</p></div>
</div>
<br>
<p id="par_id3148708" class="paragraph" dir="auto">Click <a target="_top" href="en-US/text/smath/01/03091100.html">Brackets and Grouping</a> for more information about formatting in <span class="emph">LibreOffice Math</span>.</p>
<p id="par_id3155340" class="paragraph" dir="auto">Useful information about <a target="_top" href="en-US/text/smath/01/03091200.html">Indexes and Exponents</a> and <a target="_top" href="en-US/text/smath/01/03091400.html">Scaling</a>, helps you organize your document in the best possible way.</p>
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