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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Allocating Objects on the Heap</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#deprecated-aliases">Deprecated aliases</a></li>
</ul>
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<section id="allocating-objects-on-the-heap">
<span id="allocating-objects"></span><h1>Allocating Objects on the Heap<a class="headerlink" href="#allocating-objects-on-the-heap" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c._PyObject_New">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">_PyObject_New</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">type</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c._PyObject_New" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em></dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c._PyObject_NewVar">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyVarObject" title="PyVarObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyVarObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">_PyObject_NewVar</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">type</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">size</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c._PyObject_NewVar" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em></dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyObject_Init">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject_Init</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">op</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">type</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyObject_Init" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount return_borrowed_ref">Return value: Borrowed reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Initialize a newly allocated object <em>op</em> with its type and initial
reference. Returns the initialized object. Other fields of the object are
not affected.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyObject_InitVar">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyVarObject" title="PyVarObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyVarObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject_InitVar</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyVarObject" title="PyVarObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyVarObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">op</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">type</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">size</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyObject_InitVar" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount return_borrowed_ref">Return value: Borrowed reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>This does everything <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyObject_Init" title="PyObject_Init"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_Init()</span></code></a> does, and also initializes the
length information for a variable-size object.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyObject_New">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject_New</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">TYPE</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">typeobj</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyObject_New" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Allocate a new Python object using the C structure type <em>TYPE</em>
and the Python type object <em>typeobj</em> (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject*</span></code>).
Fields not defined by the Python object header are not initialized.
The caller will own the only reference to the object
(i.e. its reference count will be one).
The size of the memory allocation is determined from the
<a class="reference internal" href="typeobj.html#c.PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize" title="PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tp_basicsize</span></code></a> field of the type object.</p>
<p>Note that this function is unsuitable if <em>typeobj</em> has
<a class="reference internal" href="typeobj.html#c.Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC" title="Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC"><code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC</span></code></a> set. For such objects,
use <a class="reference internal" href="gcsupport.html#c.PyObject_GC_New" title="PyObject_GC_New"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_GC_New()</span></code></a> instead.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyObject_NewVar">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject_NewVar</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">TYPE</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">typeobj</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">size</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyObject_NewVar" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Allocate a new Python object using the C structure type <em>TYPE</em> and the
Python type object <em>typeobj</em> (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject*</span></code>).
Fields not defined by the Python object header
are not initialized. The allocated memory allows for the <em>TYPE</em> structure
plus <em>size</em> (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code>) fields of the size
given by the <a class="reference internal" href="typeobj.html#c.PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize" title="PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tp_itemsize</span></code></a> field of
<em>typeobj</em>. This is useful for implementing objects like tuples, which are
able to determine their size at construction time. Embedding the array of
fields into the same allocation decreases the number of allocations,
improving the memory management efficiency.</p>
<p>Note that this function is unsuitable if <em>typeobj</em> has
<a class="reference internal" href="typeobj.html#c.Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC" title="Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC"><code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC</span></code></a> set. For such objects,
use <a class="reference internal" href="gcsupport.html#c.PyObject_GC_NewVar" title="PyObject_GC_NewVar"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_GC_NewVar()</span></code></a> instead.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c var">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c._Py_NoneStruct">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">_Py_NoneStruct</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c._Py_NoneStruct" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Object which is visible in Python as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>. This should only be accessed
using the <a class="reference internal" href="none.html#c.Py_None" title="Py_None"><code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_None</span></code></a> macro, which evaluates to a pointer to this
object.</p>
</dd></dl>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="module.html#moduleobjects"><span class="std std-ref">Module Objects</span></a></dt><dd><p>To allocate and create extension modules.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<section id="deprecated-aliases">
<h2>Deprecated aliases<a class="headerlink" href="#deprecated-aliases" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>These are <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-soft-deprecated"><span class="xref std std-term">soft deprecated</span></a> aliases to existing functions and macros.
They exist solely for backwards compatibility.</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Deprecated alias</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Function</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyObject_NEW">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject_NEW</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">type</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">typeobj</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyObject_NEW" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
</td>
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyObject_New" title="PyObject_New"><code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_New</span></code></a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyObject_NEW_VAR">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject_NEW_VAR</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">type</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">typeobj</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyObject_NEW_VAR" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
</td>
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyObject_NewVar" title="PyObject_NewVar"><code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_NewVar</span></code></a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyObject_INIT">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject_INIT</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">op</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">typeobj</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyObject_INIT" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
</td>
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyObject_Init" title="PyObject_Init"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_Init()</span></code></a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyObject_INIT_VAR">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject_INIT_VAR</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">op</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">typeobj</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyObject_INIT_VAR" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
</td>
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyObject_InitVar" title="PyObject_InitVar"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_InitVar()</span></code></a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyObject_MALLOC">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject_MALLOC</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyObject_MALLOC" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
</td>
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="memory.html#c.PyObject_Malloc" title="PyObject_Malloc"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_Malloc()</span></code></a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyObject_REALLOC">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject_REALLOC</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyObject_REALLOC" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
</td>
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="memory.html#c.PyObject_Realloc" title="PyObject_Realloc"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_Realloc()</span></code></a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyObject_FREE">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject_FREE</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyObject_FREE" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
</td>
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="memory.html#c.PyObject_Free" title="PyObject_Free"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_Free()</span></code></a></p></td>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyObject_DEL">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject_DEL</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyObject_DEL" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
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<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="memory.html#c.PyObject_Free" title="PyObject_Free"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_Free()</span></code></a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyObject_Del">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject_Del</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyObject_Del" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
</td>
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="memory.html#c.PyObject_Free" title="PyObject_Free"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_Free()</span></code></a></p></td>
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