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u�; This module tests SyntaxErrors.
Here's an example of the sort of thing that is tested.
>>> def f(x):
... global x
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: name 'x' is parameter and global
The tests are all raise SyntaxErrors. They were created by checking
each C call that raises SyntaxError. There are several modules that
raise these exceptions-- ast.c, compile.c, future.c, pythonrun.c, and
symtable.c.
The parser itself outlaws a lot of invalid syntax. None of these
errors are tested here at the moment. We should add some tests; since
there are infinitely many programs with invalid syntax, we would need
to be judicious in selecting some.
The compiler generates a synthetic module name for code executed by
doctest. Since all the code comes from the same module, a suffix like
[1] is appended to the module name, As a consequence, changing the
order of tests in this module means renumbering all the errors after
it. (Maybe we should enable the ellipsis option for these tests.)
In ast.c, syntax errors are raised by calling ast_error().
Errors from set_context():
>>> obj.None = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> None = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to None
>>> obj.True = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> True = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to True
>>> (True := 1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use assignment expressions with True
>>> obj.__debug__ = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> __debug__ = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> (__debug__ := 1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> def __debug__(): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> async def __debug__(): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> class __debug__: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> del __debug__
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot delete __debug__
>>> f() = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> yield = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: assignment to yield expression not possible
>>> del f()
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot delete function call
>>> a + 1 = 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> (x for x in x) = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to generator expression
>>> 1 = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> "abc" = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> b"" = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> ... = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to ellipsis here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> `1` = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
If the left-hand side of an assignment is a list or tuple, an illegal
expression inside that contain should still cause a syntax error.
This test just checks a couple of cases rather than enumerating all of
them.
>>> (a, "b", c) = (1, 2, 3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal
>>> (a, True, c) = (1, 2, 3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to True
>>> (a, __debug__, c) = (1, 2, 3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> (a, *True, c) = (1, 2, 3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to True
>>> (a, *__debug__, c) = (1, 2, 3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> [a, b, c + 1] = [1, 2, 3]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression
>>> [a, b[1], c + 1] = [1, 2, 3]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression
>>> [a, b.c.d, c + 1] = [1, 2, 3]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression
>>> a if 1 else b = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to conditional expression
>>> a = 42 if True
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected 'else' after 'if' expression
>>> a = (42 if True)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected 'else' after 'if' expression
>>> a = [1, 42 if True, 4]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected 'else' after 'if' expression
>>> x = 1 if 1 else pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected expression after 'else', but statement is given
>>> x = pass if 1 else 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected expression before 'if', but statement is given
>>> x = pass if 1 else pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected expression before 'if', but statement is given
>>> if True:
... print("Hello"
...
... if 2:
... print(123))
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> True = True = 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to True
>>> x = y = True = z = 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to True
>>> x = y = yield = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: assignment to yield expression not possible
>>> a, b += 1, 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'tuple' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment
>>> (a, b) += 1, 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'tuple' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment
>>> [a, b] += 1, 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'list' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment
Invalid targets in `for` loops and `with` statements should also
produce a specialized error message
>>> for a() in b: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call
>>> for (a, b()) in b: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call
>>> for [a, b()] in b: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call
>>> for (*a, b, c+1) in b: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression
>>> for (x, *(y, z.d())) in b: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call
>>> for a, b() in c: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call
>>> for a, b, (c + 1, d()): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression
>>> for i < (): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> for a, b
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> with a as b(): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call
>>> with a as (b, c()): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call
>>> with a as [b, c()]: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call
>>> with a as (*b, c, d+1): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression
>>> with a as (x, *(y, z.d())): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call
>>> with a as b, c as d(): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call
>>> with a as b
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> p = p =
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
Comprehensions without 'in' keyword:
>>> [x for x if range(1)]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'in' expected after for-loop variables
>>> tuple(x for x if range(1))
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'in' expected after for-loop variables
>>> [x for x() in a]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call
>>> [x for a, b, (c + 1, d()) in y]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression
>>> [x for a, b, (c + 1, d()) if y]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'in' expected after for-loop variables
>>> [x for x+1 in y]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression
>>> [x for x+1, x() in y]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression
Comprehensions creating tuples without parentheses
should produce a specialized error message:
>>> [x,y for x,y in range(100)]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: did you forget parentheses around the comprehension target?
>>> {x,y for x,y in range(100)}
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: did you forget parentheses around the comprehension target?
# Incorrectly closed strings
>>> "The interesting object "The important object" is very important"
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Is this intended to be part of the string?
# Missing commas in literals collections should not
# produce special error messages regarding missing
# parentheses, but about missing commas instead
>>> [1, 2 3]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma?
>>> {1, 2 3}
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma?
>>> {1:2, 2:5 3:12}
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma?
>>> (1, 2 3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma?
# Make sure soft keywords constructs don't raise specialized
# errors regarding missing commas or other spezialiced errors
>>> match x:
... y = 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> match x:
... case y:
... 3 $ 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> match x:
... case $:
... ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> match ...:
... case {**_}:
... ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
# Check incorrect "case" placement with specialized error messages
>>> case "pattern": ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: case statement must be inside match statement
>>> case 1 | 2: ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: case statement must be inside match statement
>>> case klass(attr=1) | {}: ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: case statement must be inside match statement
>>> case [] if x > 1: ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: case statement must be inside match statement
>>> case match: ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: case statement must be inside match statement
>>> case case: ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: case statement must be inside match statement
>>> if some:
... case 1: ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: case statement must be inside match statement
>>> case some:
... case 1: ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: case statement must be inside match statement
# But prefixes of soft keywords should
# still raise specialized errors
>>> (mat x)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma?
From compiler_complex_args():
>>> def f(None=1):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
From ast_for_arguments():
>>> def f(x, y=1, z):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameter without a default follows parameter with a default
>>> def f(x, /, y=1, z):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameter without a default follows parameter with a default
>>> def f(x, None):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> def f(*None):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> def f(**None):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> def foo(/,a,b=,c):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: at least one parameter must precede /
>>> def foo(a,/,/,b,c):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / may appear only once
>>> def foo(a,/,a1,/,b,c):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / may appear only once
>>> def foo(a=1,/,/,*b,/,c):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / may appear only once
>>> def foo(a,/,a1=1,/,b,c):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / may appear only once
>>> def foo(a,*b,c,/,d,e):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / must be ahead of *
>>> def foo(a=1,*b,c=3,/,d,e):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / must be ahead of *
>>> def foo(a,*b=3,c):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: var-positional parameter cannot have default value
>>> def foo(a,*b: int=,c):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: var-positional parameter cannot have default value
>>> def foo(a,**b=3):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: var-keyword parameter cannot have default value
>>> def foo(a,**b: int=3):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: var-keyword parameter cannot have default value
>>> def foo(a,*a, b, **c, d):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameters cannot follow var-keyword parameter
>>> def foo(a,*a, b, **c, d=4):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameters cannot follow var-keyword parameter
>>> def foo(a,*a, b, **c, *d):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameters cannot follow var-keyword parameter
>>> def foo(a,*a, b, **c, **d):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameters cannot follow var-keyword parameter
>>> def foo(a=1,/,**b,/,c):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameters cannot follow var-keyword parameter
>>> def foo(*b,*d):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: * may appear only once
>>> def foo(a,*b,c,*d,*e,c):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: * may appear only once
>>> def foo(a,b,/,c,*b,c,*d,*e,c):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: * may appear only once
>>> def foo(a,b,/,c,*b,c,*d,**e):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: * may appear only once
>>> def foo(a=1,/*,b,c):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected comma between / and *
>>> def foo(a=1,d=,c):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected default value expression
>>> def foo(a,d=,c):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected default value expression
>>> def foo(a,d: int=,c):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected default value expression
>>> lambda /,a,b,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: at least one parameter must precede /
>>> lambda a,/,/,b,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / may appear only once
>>> lambda a,/,a1,/,b,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / may appear only once
>>> lambda a=1,/,/,*b,/,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / may appear only once
>>> lambda a,/,a1=1,/,b,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / may appear only once
>>> lambda a,*b,c,/,d,e: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / must be ahead of *
>>> lambda a=1,*b,c=3,/,d,e: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / must be ahead of *
>>> lambda a=1,/*,b,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected comma between / and *
>>> lambda a,*b=3,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: var-positional parameter cannot have default value
>>> lambda a,**b=3: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: var-keyword parameter cannot have default value
>>> lambda a, *a, b, **c, d: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameters cannot follow var-keyword parameter
>>> lambda a,*a, b, **c, d=4: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameters cannot follow var-keyword parameter
>>> lambda a,*a, b, **c, *d: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameters cannot follow var-keyword parameter
>>> lambda a,*a, b, **c, **d: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameters cannot follow var-keyword parameter
>>> lambda a=1,/,**b,/,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameters cannot follow var-keyword parameter
>>> lambda *b,*d: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: * may appear only once
>>> lambda a,*b,c,*d,*e,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: * may appear only once
>>> lambda a,b,/,c,*b,c,*d,*e,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: * may appear only once
>>> lambda a,b,/,c,*b,c,*d,**e: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: * may appear only once
>>> lambda a=1,d=,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected default value expression
>>> lambda a,d=,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected default value expression
>>> lambda a,d=3,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameter without a default follows parameter with a default
>>> lambda a,/,d=3,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameter without a default follows parameter with a default
>>> import ast; ast.parse('''
... def f(
... *, # type: int
... a, # type: int
... ):
... pass
... ''', type_comments=True)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: bare * has associated type comment
From ast_for_funcdef():
>>> def None(x):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
From ast_for_call():
>>> def f(it, *varargs, **kwargs):
... return list(it)
>>> L = range(10)
>>> f(x for x in L)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> f(x for x in L, 1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized
>>> f(x for x in L, y=1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized
>>> f(x for x in L, *[])
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized
>>> f(x for x in L, **{})
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized
>>> f(L, x for x in L)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized
>>> f(x for x in L, y for y in L)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized
>>> f(x for x in L,)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized
>>> f((x for x in L), 1)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> class C(x for x in L):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> def g(*args, **kwargs):
... print(args, sorted(kwargs.items()))
>>> g(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,
... 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37,
... 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55,
... 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73,
... 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91,
... 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107,
... 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121,
... 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135,
... 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149,
... 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163,
... 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177,
... 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191,
... 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205,
... 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219,
... 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233,
... 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247,
... 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261,
... 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275,
... 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289,
... 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, ..., 297, 298, 299) []
>>> g(a000=0, a001=1, a002=2, a003=3, a004=4, a005=5, a006=6, a007=7, a008=8,
... a009=9, a010=10, a011=11, a012=12, a013=13, a014=14, a015=15, a016=16,
... a017=17, a018=18, a019=19, a020=20, a021=21, a022=22, a023=23, a024=24,
... a025=25, a026=26, a027=27, a028=28, a029=29, a030=30, a031=31, a032=32,
... a033=33, a034=34, a035=35, a036=36, a037=37, a038=38, a039=39, a040=40,
... a041=41, a042=42, a043=43, a044=44, a045=45, a046=46, a047=47, a048=48,
... a049=49, a050=50, a051=51, a052=52, a053=53, a054=54, a055=55, a056=56,
... a057=57, a058=58, a059=59, a060=60, a061=61, a062=62, a063=63, a064=64,
... a065=65, a066=66, a067=67, a068=68, a069=69, a070=70, a071=71, a072=72,
... a073=73, a074=74, a075=75, a076=76, a077=77, a078=78, a079=79, a080=80,
... a081=81, a082=82, a083=83, a084=84, a085=85, a086=86, a087=87, a088=88,
... a089=89, a090=90, a091=91, a092=92, a093=93, a094=94, a095=95, a096=96,
... a097=97, a098=98, a099=99, a100=100, a101=101, a102=102, a103=103,
... a104=104, a105=105, a106=106, a107=107, a108=108, a109=109, a110=110,
... a111=111, a112=112, a113=113, a114=114, a115=115, a116=116, a117=117,
... a118=118, a119=119, a120=120, a121=121, a122=122, a123=123, a124=124,
... a125=125, a126=126, a127=127, a128=128, a129=129, a130=130, a131=131,
... a132=132, a133=133, a134=134, a135=135, a136=136, a137=137, a138=138,
... a139=139, a140=140, a141=141, a142=142, a143=143, a144=144, a145=145,
... a146=146, a147=147, a148=148, a149=149, a150=150, a151=151, a152=152,
... a153=153, a154=154, a155=155, a156=156, a157=157, a158=158, a159=159,
... a160=160, a161=161, a162=162, a163=163, a164=164, a165=165, a166=166,
... a167=167, a168=168, a169=169, a170=170, a171=171, a172=172, a173=173,
... a174=174, a175=175, a176=176, a177=177, a178=178, a179=179, a180=180,
... a181=181, a182=182, a183=183, a184=184, a185=185, a186=186, a187=187,
... a188=188, a189=189, a190=190, a191=191, a192=192, a193=193, a194=194,
... a195=195, a196=196, a197=197, a198=198, a199=199, a200=200, a201=201,
... a202=202, a203=203, a204=204, a205=205, a206=206, a207=207, a208=208,
... a209=209, a210=210, a211=211, a212=212, a213=213, a214=214, a215=215,
... a216=216, a217=217, a218=218, a219=219, a220=220, a221=221, a222=222,
... a223=223, a224=224, a225=225, a226=226, a227=227, a228=228, a229=229,
... a230=230, a231=231, a232=232, a233=233, a234=234, a235=235, a236=236,
... a237=237, a238=238, a239=239, a240=240, a241=241, a242=242, a243=243,
... a244=244, a245=245, a246=246, a247=247, a248=248, a249=249, a250=250,
... a251=251, a252=252, a253=253, a254=254, a255=255, a256=256, a257=257,
... a258=258, a259=259, a260=260, a261=261, a262=262, a263=263, a264=264,
... a265=265, a266=266, a267=267, a268=268, a269=269, a270=270, a271=271,
... a272=272, a273=273, a274=274, a275=275, a276=276, a277=277, a278=278,
... a279=279, a280=280, a281=281, a282=282, a283=283, a284=284, a285=285,
... a286=286, a287=287, a288=288, a289=289, a290=290, a291=291, a292=292,
... a293=293, a294=294, a295=295, a296=296, a297=297, a298=298, a299=299)
... # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
() [('a000', 0), ('a001', 1), ('a002', 2), ..., ('a298', 298), ('a299', 299)]
>>> class C:
... def meth(self, *args):
... return args
>>> obj = C()
>>> obj.meth(
... 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,
... 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37,
... 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55,
... 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73,
... 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91,
... 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107,
... 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121,
... 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135,
... 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149,
... 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163,
... 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177,
... 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191,
... 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205,
... 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219,
... 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233,
... 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247,
... 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261,
... 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275,
... 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289,
... 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, ..., 297, 298, 299)
>>> f(lambda x: x[0] = 3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant "=="?
# Check that this error doesn't trigger for names:
>>> f(a={x: for x in {}})
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
The grammar accepts any test (basically, any expression) in the
keyword slot of a call site. Test a few different options.
>>> f(x()=2)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant "=="?
>>> f(a or b=1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant "=="?
>>> f(x.y=1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant "=="?
>>> f((x)=2)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant "=="?
>>> f(True=1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to True
>>> f(False=1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to False
>>> f(None=1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to None
>>> f(__debug__=1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> __debug__: int
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> x.__debug__: int
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> f(a=)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected argument value expression
>>> f(a, b, c=)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected argument value expression
>>> f(a, b, c=, d)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected argument value expression
>>> f(*args=[0])
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to iterable argument unpacking
>>> f(a, b, *args=[0])
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to iterable argument unpacking
>>> f(**kwargs={'a': 1})
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to keyword argument unpacking
>>> f(a, b, *args, **kwargs={'a': 1})
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to keyword argument unpacking
More set_context():
>>> (x for x in x) += 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'generator expression' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment
>>> None += 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'None' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment
>>> __debug__ += 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> f() += 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'function call' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment
Test control flow in finally
continue in for loop under finally should be ok.
>>> def test():
... try:
... pass
... finally:
... for abc in range(10):
... continue
... print(abc)
>>> test()
9
break in for loop under finally should be ok.
>>> def test():
... try:
... pass
... finally:
... for abc in range(10):
... break
... print(abc)
>>> test()
0
return in function under finally should be ok.
>>> def test():
... try:
... pass
... finally:
... def f():
... return 42
... print(f())
>>> test()
42
combine for loop and function def
return in function under finally should be ok.
>>> def test():
... try:
... pass
... finally:
... for i in range(10):
... def f():
... return 42
... print(f())
>>> test()
42
>>> def test():
... try:
... pass
... finally:
... def f():
... for i in range(10):
... return 42
... print(f())
>>> test()
42
A continue outside loop should not be allowed.
>>> def foo():
... try:
... continue
... finally:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: 'continue' not properly in loop
There is one test for a break that is not in a loop. The compiler
uses a single data structure to keep track of try-finally and loops,
so we need to be sure that a break is actually inside a loop. If it
isn't, there should be a syntax error.
>>> try:
... print(1)
... break
... print(2)
... finally:
... print(3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: 'break' outside loop
elif can't come after an else.
>>> if a % 2 == 0:
... pass
... else:
... pass
... elif a % 2 == 1:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: 'elif' block follows an 'else' block
Misuse of the nonlocal and global statement can lead to a few unique syntax errors.
>>> def f():
... print(x)
... global x
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: name 'x' is used prior to global declaration
>>> def f():
... x = 1
... global x
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: name 'x' is assigned to before global declaration
>>> def f(x):
... global x
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: name 'x' is parameter and global
>>> def f():
... x = 1
... def g():
... print(x)
... nonlocal x
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: name 'x' is used prior to nonlocal declaration
>>> def f():
... x = 1
... def g():
... x = 2
... nonlocal x
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: name 'x' is assigned to before nonlocal declaration
>>> def f(x):
... nonlocal x
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: name 'x' is parameter and nonlocal
>>> def f():
... global x
... nonlocal x
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: name 'x' is nonlocal and global
>>> def f():
... nonlocal x
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: no binding for nonlocal 'x' found
From SF bug #1705365
>>> nonlocal x
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: nonlocal declaration not allowed at module level
From https://bugs.python.org/issue25973
>>> class A:
... def f(self):
... nonlocal __x
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: no binding for nonlocal '_A__x' found
This tests assignment-context; there was a bug in Python 2.5 where compiling
a complex 'if' (one with 'elif') would fail to notice an invalid suite,
leading to spurious errors.
>>> if 1:
... x() = 1
... elif 1:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> if 1:
... pass
... elif 1:
... x() = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> if 1:
... x() = 1
... elif 1:
... pass
... else:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> if 1:
... pass
... elif 1:
... x() = 1
... else:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> if 1:
... pass
... elif 1:
... pass
... else:
... x() = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
Missing ':' before suites:
>>> def f()
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> def f[T]()
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> class A
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> class A[T]
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> class A[T]()
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> class R&D:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> if 1
... pass
... elif 1:
... pass
... else:
... x() = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> if 1:
... pass
... elif 1
... pass
... else:
... x() = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> if 1:
... pass
... elif 1:
... pass
... else
... x() = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> for x in range(10)
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> for x in range 10:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> while True
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> with blech as something
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> with blech
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> with blech, block as something
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> with blech, block as something, bluch
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> with (blech as something)
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> with (blech)
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> with (blech, block as something)
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> with (blech, block as something, bluch)
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> with block ad something:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'and'?
>>> try
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> try:
... pass
... except
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> match x
... case list():
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> match x x:
... case list():
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> match x:
... case list()
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> match x:
... case [y] if y > 0
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'
>>> match x:
... case a, __debug__, b:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> match x:
... case a, b, *__debug__:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> match x:
... case Foo(a, __debug__=1, b=2):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> if x = 3:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?
>>> while x = 3:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?
>>> if x.a = 3:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to attribute here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> while x.a = 3:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to attribute here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
Missing parens after function definition
>>> def f:
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected '('
>>> async def f:
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected '('
>>> def f -> int:
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected '('
>>> async def f -> int: # type: int
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected '('
>>> async def f[T]:
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected '('
>>> def f[T] -> str:
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected '('
Parenthesized parameters in function definitions
>>> def f(x, (y, z), w):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Function parameters cannot be parenthesized
>>> def f((x, y, z, w)):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Function parameters cannot be parenthesized
>>> def f(x, (y, z, w)):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Function parameters cannot be parenthesized
>>> def f((x, y, z), w):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Function parameters cannot be parenthesized
>>> lambda x, (y, z), w: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Lambda expression parameters cannot be parenthesized
>>> lambda (x, y, z, w): None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Lambda expression parameters cannot be parenthesized
>>> lambda x, (y, z, w): None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Lambda expression parameters cannot be parenthesized
>>> lambda (x, y, z), w: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Lambda expression parameters cannot be parenthesized
Custom error messages for try blocks that are not followed by except/finally
>>> try:
... x = 34
...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected 'except' or 'finally' block
Custom error message for __debug__ as exception variable
>>> try:
... pass
... except TypeError as __debug__:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
Custom error message for try block mixing except and except*
>>> try:
... pass
... except TypeError:
... pass
... except* ValueError:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot have both 'except' and 'except*' on the same 'try'
>>> try:
... pass
... except* TypeError:
... pass
... except ValueError:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot have both 'except' and 'except*' on the same 'try'
>>> try:
... pass
... except TypeError:
... pass
... except TypeError:
... pass
... except* ValueError:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot have both 'except' and 'except*' on the same 'try'
>>> try:
... pass
... except* TypeError:
... pass
... except* TypeError:
... pass
... except ValueError:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot have both 'except' and 'except*' on the same 'try'
Better error message for using `except as` with not a name:
>>> try:
... pass
... except TypeError as obj.attr:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use except statement with attribute
>>> try:
... pass
... except TypeError as obj[1]:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use except statement with subscript
>>> try:
... pass
... except* TypeError as (obj, name):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use except* statement with tuple
>>> try:
... pass
... except* TypeError as 1:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use except* statement with literal
Regression tests for gh-133999:
>>> try: pass
... except TypeError as name: raise from None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: did you forget an expression between 'raise' and 'from'?
>>> try: pass
... except* TypeError as name: raise from None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: did you forget an expression between 'raise' and 'from'?
>>> match 1:
... case 1 | 2 as abc: raise from None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: did you forget an expression between 'raise' and 'from'?
Ensure that early = are not matched by the parser as invalid comparisons
>>> f(2, 4, x=34); 1 $ 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> dict(x=34); x $ y
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> dict(x=34, (x for x in range 10), 1); x $ y
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> dict(x=34, x=1, y=2); x $ y
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
Incomplete dictionary literals
>>> {1:2, 3:4, 5}
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: ':' expected after dictionary key
>>> {1:2, 3:4, 5:}
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expression expected after dictionary key and ':'
>>> {1: *12+1, 23: 1}
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use a starred expression in a dictionary value
>>> {1: *12+1}
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use a starred expression in a dictionary value
>>> {1: 23, 1: *12+1}
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use a starred expression in a dictionary value
>>> {1:}
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expression expected after dictionary key and ':'
# Ensure that the error is not raised for syntax errors that happen after sets
>>> {1} $
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
# Ensure that the error is not raised for invalid expressions
>>> {1: 2, 3: foo(,), 4: 5}
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> {1: $, 2: 3}
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
Specialized indentation errors:
>>> while condition:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'while' statement on line 1
>>> for x in range(10):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'for' statement on line 1
>>> for x in range(10):
... pass
... else:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'else' statement on line 3
>>> async for x in range(10):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'for' statement on line 1
>>> async for x in range(10):
... pass
... else:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'else' statement on line 3
>>> if something:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'if' statement on line 1
>>> if something:
... pass
... elif something_else:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'elif' statement on line 3
>>> if something:
... pass
... elif something_else:
... pass
... else:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'else' statement on line 5
>>> try:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'try' statement on line 1
>>> try:
... something()
... except:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'except' statement on line 3
>>> try:
... something()
... except A:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'except' statement on line 3
>>> try:
... something()
... except* A:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'except*' statement on line 3
>>> try:
... something()
... except A:
... pass
... finally:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'finally' statement on line 5
>>> try:
... something()
... except* A:
... pass
... finally:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'finally' statement on line 5
>>> with A:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'with' statement on line 1
>>> with A as a, B as b:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'with' statement on line 1
>>> with (A as a, B as b):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'with' statement on line 1
>>> async with A:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'with' statement on line 1
>>> async with A as a, B as b:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'with' statement on line 1
>>> async with (A as a, B as b):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'with' statement on line 1
>>> def foo(x, /, y, *, z=2):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after function definition on line 1
>>> def foo[T](x, /, y, *, z=2):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after function definition on line 1
>>> class Blech(A):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after class definition on line 1
>>> class Blech[T](A):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after class definition on line 1
>>> class C(__debug__=42): ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> class Meta(type):
... def __new__(*args, **kwargs):
... pass
>>> class C(metaclass=Meta, __debug__=42):
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> match something:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'match' statement on line 1
>>> match something:
... case []:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'case' statement on line 2
>>> match something:
... case []:
... ...
... case {}:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'case' statement on line 4
Make sure that the old "raise X, Y[, Z]" form is gone:
>>> raise X, Y
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> raise X, Y, Z
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
Better errors for `raise` statement:
>>> raise ValueError from
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: did you forget an expression after 'from'?
>>> raise mod.ValueError() from
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: did you forget an expression after 'from'?
>>> raise from exc
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: did you forget an expression between 'raise' and 'from'?
>>> raise from None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: did you forget an expression between 'raise' and 'from'?
>>> raise from
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: did you forget an expression between 'raise' and 'from'?
Check that an multiple exception types with missing parentheses
raise a custom exception only when using 'as'
>>> try:
... pass
... except A, B, C as blech:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: multiple exception types must be parenthesized when using 'as'
>>> try:
... pass
... except A, B, C as blech:
... pass
... finally:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: multiple exception types must be parenthesized when using 'as'
>>> try:
... pass
... except* A, B, C as blech:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: multiple exception types must be parenthesized when using 'as'
>>> try:
... pass
... except* A, B, C as blech:
... pass
... finally:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: multiple exception types must be parenthesized when using 'as'
Custom exception for 'except*' without an exception type
>>> try:
... pass
... except* A as a:
... pass
... except*:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected one or more exception types
Check custom exceptions for keywords with typos
>>> fur a in b:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'for'?
>>> for a in b:
... pass
... elso:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'else'?
>>> whille True:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'while'?
>>> while True:
... pass
... elso:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'else'?
>>> iff x > 5:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'if'?
>>> if x:
... pass
... elseif y:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'elif'?
>>> if x:
... pass
... elif y:
... pass
... elso:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'else'?
>>> tyo:
... pass
... except y:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'try'?
>>> classe MyClass:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'class'?
>>> impor math
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'import'?
>>> form x import y
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'from'?
>>> defn calculate_sum(a, b):
... return a + b
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'def'?
>>> def foo():
... returm result
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'return'?
>>> lamda x: x ** 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'lambda'?
>>> def foo():
... yeld i
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'yield'?
>>> def foo():
... globel counter
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'global'?
>>> frum math import sqrt
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'from'?
>>> asynch def fetch_data():
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'async'?
>>> async def foo():
... awaid fetch_data()
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'await'?
>>> raisee ValueError("Error")
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'raise'?
>>> [
... x for x
... in range(3)
... of x
... ]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'if'?
>>> [
... 123 fur x
... in range(3)
... if x
... ]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'for'?
>>> for x im n:
... pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'in'?
>>> f(a=23, a=234)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: keyword argument repeated: a
>>> {1, 2, 3} = 42
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to set display here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> {1: 2, 3: 4} = 42
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to dict literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> f'{x}' = 42
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to f-string expression here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> f'{x}-{y}' = 42
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to f-string expression here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> ub''
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'u' and 'b' prefixes are incompatible
>>> bu"привет"
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'u' and 'b' prefixes are incompatible
>>> ur''
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'u' and 'r' prefixes are incompatible
>>> ru" "
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'u' and 'r' prefixes are incompatible
>>> uf'{1 + 1}'
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'u' and 'f' prefixes are incompatible
>>> fu""
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'u' and 'f' prefixes are incompatible
>>> ut'{1}'
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'u' and 't' prefixes are incompatible
>>> tu"234"
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'u' and 't' prefixes are incompatible
>>> bf'{x!r}'
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'b' and 'f' prefixes are incompatible
>>> fb"text"
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'b' and 'f' prefixes are incompatible
>>> bt"text"
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'b' and 't' prefixes are incompatible
>>> tb''
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'b' and 't' prefixes are incompatible
>>> tf"{0.3:.02f}"
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'f' and 't' prefixes are incompatible
>>> ft'{x=}'
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'f' and 't' prefixes are incompatible
>>> tfu"{x=}"
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'u' and 'f' prefixes are incompatible
>>> turf"{x=}"
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'u' and 'r' prefixes are incompatible
>>> burft"{x=}"
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'u' and 'b' prefixes are incompatible
>>> brft"{x=}"
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'b' and 'f' prefixes are incompatible
>>> t'{x}' = 42
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to t-string expression here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> t'{x}-{y}' = 42
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to t-string expression here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> (x, y, z=3, d, e)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?
>>> [x, y, z=3, d, e]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?
>>> [z=3]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?
>>> {x, y, z=3, d, e}
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?
>>> {z=3}
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?
>>> from t import x,
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: trailing comma not allowed without surrounding parentheses
>>> from t import x,y,
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: trailing comma not allowed without surrounding parentheses
>>> with item,: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: the last 'with' item has a trailing comma
>>> with item as x,: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: the last 'with' item has a trailing comma
>>> with item1, item2,: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: the last 'with' item has a trailing comma
>>> with item1 as x, item2,: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: the last 'with' item has a trailing comma
>>> with item1 as x, item2 as y,: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: the last 'with' item has a trailing comma
>>> with item1, item2 as y,: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: the last 'with' item has a trailing comma
>>> import a from b
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead?
>>> import a.y.z from b.y.z
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead?
>>> import a from b as bar
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead?
>>> import a.y.z from b.y.z as bar
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead?
>>> import a, b,c from b
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead?
>>> import a.y.z, b.y.z, c.y.z from b.y.z
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead?
>>> import a,b,c from b as bar
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead?
>>> import a.y.z, b.y.z, c.y.z from b.y.z as bar
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead?
>>> import __debug__
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> import a as __debug__
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> import a.b.c as __debug__
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> from a import __debug__
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> from a import b as __debug__
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> import a as b.c
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use attribute as import target
>>> import a.b as (a, b)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use tuple as import target
>>> import a, a.b as 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use literal as import target
>>> import a.b as 'a', a
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use literal as import target
>>> from a import (b as c.d)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use attribute as import target
>>> from a import b as 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use literal as import target
>>> from a import (
... b as f())
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use function call as import target
>>> from a import (
... b as [],
... )
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use list as import target
>>> from a import (
... b,
... c as ()
... )
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use tuple as import target
>>> from a import b, с as d[e]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use subscript as import target
>>> from a import с as d[e], b
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use subscript as import target
# Check that we don't raise a "cannot use name as import target" error
# if there is an error in an unrelated statement after ';'
>>> import a as b; None = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to None
>>> import a, b as c; d = 1; None = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to None
>>> from a import b as c; None = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to None
>>> from a import b, c as d; e = 1; None = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to None
# Check that we dont raise the "trailing comma" error if there is more
# input to the left of the valid part that we parsed.
>>> from t import x,y, and 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> from i import
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Expected one or more names after 'import'
>>> from .. import
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Expected one or more names after 'import'
>>> import
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Expected one or more names after 'import'
>>> (): int
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: only single target (not tuple) can be annotated
>>> []: int
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: only single target (not list) can be annotated
>>> (()): int
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: only single target (not tuple) can be annotated
>>> ([]): int
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: only single target (not list) can be annotated
>>> 1: int
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: illegal target for annotation
>>> -x: int = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: illegal target for annotation
>>> (x for x in y): int
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: illegal target for annotation
# 'not' after operators:
>>> 3 + not 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'not' after an operator must be parenthesized
>>> 3 * not 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'not' after an operator must be parenthesized
>>> + not 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'not' after an operator must be parenthesized
>>> - not 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'not' after an operator must be parenthesized
>>> ~ not 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'not' after an operator must be parenthesized
>>> 3 + - not 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'not' after an operator must be parenthesized
>>> 3 + not -1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'not' after an operator must be parenthesized
# Check that we don't introduce misleading errors
>>> not 1 */ 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> not 1 +
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> not + 1 +
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
Corner-cases that used to fail to raise the correct error:
>>> def f(*, x=lambda __debug__:0): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> def f(*args:(lambda __debug__:0)): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> def f(**kwargs:(lambda __debug__:0)): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> with (lambda *:0): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: named parameters must follow bare *
Corner-cases that used to crash:
>>> def f(**__debug__): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> def f(*xx, __debug__): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> import ä £
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid character '£' (U+00A3)
Invalid pattern matching constructs:
>>> match ...:
... case 42 as _:
... ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use '_' as a target
>>> match ...:
... case 42 as 1+2+4:
... ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use expression as pattern target
>>> match ...:
... case 42 as a.b:
... ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use attribute as pattern target
>>> match ...:
... case 42 as (a, b):
... ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use tuple as pattern target
>>> match ...:
... case 42 as (a + 1):
... ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use expression as pattern target
>>> match ...:
... case (32 as x) | (42 as a()):
... ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use function call as pattern target
>>> match ...:
... case Foo(z=1, y=2, x):
... ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: positional patterns follow keyword patterns
>>> match ...:
... case Foo(a, z=1, y=2, x):
... ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: positional patterns follow keyword patterns
>>> match ...:
... case Foo(z=1, x, y=2):
... ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: positional patterns follow keyword patterns
>>> match ...:
... case Foo(y=1, x=2, y=3):
... ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: attribute name repeated in class pattern: y
>>> match ...:
... case C(a=b, c, d=e, f, g=h, i, j=k, ...):
... ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: positional patterns follow keyword patterns
>>> match ...:
... case {**double_star, "spam": "eggs"}:
... ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: double star pattern must be the last (right-most) subpattern in the mapping pattern
>>> match ...:
... case {"foo": 1, **double_star, "spam": "eggs"}:
... ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: double star pattern must be the last (right-most) subpattern in the mapping pattern
>>> match ...:
... case {"spam": "eggs", "b": {**d, "ham": "bacon"}}:
... ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: double star pattern must be the last (right-most) subpattern in the mapping pattern
Uses of the star operator which should fail:
A[:*b]
>>> A[:*b]
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> A[:(*b)]
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: cannot use starred expression here
>>> A[:*b] = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> del A[:*b]
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
A[*b:]
>>> A[*b:]
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> A[(*b):]
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: cannot use starred expression here
>>> A[*b:] = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> del A[*b:]
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
A[*b:*b]
>>> A[*b:*b]
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> A[(*b:*b)]
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> A[*b:*b] = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> del A[*b:*b]
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
A[*(1:2)]
>>> A[*(1:2)]
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: Invalid star expression
>>> A[*(1:2)] = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: Invalid star expression
>>> del A[*(1:2)]
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: Invalid star expression
A[*:] and A[:*]
>>> A[*:]
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: Invalid star expression
>>> A[:*]
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
A[*]
>>> A[*]
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: Invalid star expression
A[**]
>>> A[**]
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
A[**b]
>>> A[**b]
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> A[**b] = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> del A[**b]
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
def f(x: *b)
>>> def f6(x: *b): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> def f7(x: *b = 1): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
**kwargs: *a
>>> def f8(**kwargs: *a): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
x: *b
>>> x: *b
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> x: *b = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
Invalid bytes literals:
>>> b"Ā"
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
b"Ā"
^^^
SyntaxError: bytes can only contain ASCII literal characters
>>> b"абвгде"
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
b"абвгде"
^^^^^^^^
SyntaxError: bytes can only contain ASCII literal characters
>>> b"abc ъющый" # first 3 letters are ascii
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
b"abc ъющый"
^^^^^^^^^^^
SyntaxError: bytes can only contain ASCII literal characters
Invalid expressions in type scopes:
>>> type A[] = int
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: Type parameter list cannot be empty
>>> class A[]: ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: Type parameter list cannot be empty
>>> def some[](): ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: Type parameter list cannot be empty
>>> def some[]()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: Type parameter list cannot be empty
>>> async def some[]: # type: int
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: Type parameter list cannot be empty
>>> def f[T: (x:=3)](): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound
>>> def f[T: ((x:= 3), int)](): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint
>>> def f[T = ((x:=3))](): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default
>>> async def f[T: (x:=3)](): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound
>>> async def f[T: ((x:= 3), int)](): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint
>>> async def f[T = ((x:=3))](): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default
>>> type A[T: (x:=3)] = int
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound
>>> type A[T: ((x:= 3), int)] = int
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint
>>> type A[T = ((x:=3))] = int
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default
>>> def f[T: (yield)](): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound
>>> def f[T: (int, (yield))](): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint
>>> def f[T = (yield)](): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default
>>> def f[*Ts = (yield)](): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVarTuple default
>>> def f[**P = [(yield), int]](): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a ParamSpec default
>>> type A[T: (yield 3)] = int
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound
>>> type A[T: (int, (yield 3))] = int
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint
>>> type A[T = (yield 3)] = int
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default
>>> type A[T: (await 3)] = int
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: await expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound
>>> type A[T: (yield from [])] = int
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound
>>> class A[T: (yield 3)]: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound
>>> class A[T: (int, (yield 3))]: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint
>>> class A[T = (yield)]: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default
>>> class A[*Ts = (yield)]: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVarTuple default
>>> class A[**P = [(yield), int]]: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a ParamSpec default
>>> type A = (x := 3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a type alias
>>> type A = (yield 3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a type alias
>>> type A = (await 3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: await expression cannot be used within a type alias
>>> type A = (yield from [])
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a type alias
>>> type __debug__ = int
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> class A[__debug__]: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> class A[T]((x := 3)): ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within the definition of a generic
>>> class A[T]((yield 3)): ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within the definition of a generic
>>> class A[T]((await 3)): ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: await expression cannot be used within the definition of a generic
>>> class A[T]((yield from [])): ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within the definition of a generic
>>> f(**x, *y)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: iterable argument unpacking follows keyword argument unpacking
>>> f(**x, *)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Invalid star expression
>>> f(x, *:)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Invalid star expression
>>> f(x, *)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Invalid star expression
>>> f(x = 5, *)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Invalid star expression
>>> f(x = 5, *:)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Invalid star expression
Asserts:
>>> assert (a := 1) # ok
>>> assert 1, (a := 1) # ok
>>> assert a := 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use named expression without parentheses here
>>> assert 1, a := 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use named expression without parentheses here
>>> assert 1 = 2 = 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> assert 1 = 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> assert (1 = 2)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> assert 'a' = a
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> assert x[0] = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to subscript here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> assert (yield a) = 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to yield expression here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> assert a = 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to name here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> assert (a = 2)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?
>>> assert a = b
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to name here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> assert 1, 1 = b
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> assert 1, (1 = b)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> assert 1, a = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to name here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
>>> assert 1, (a = 1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?
>>> assert 1 = a, a = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
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